Abstract Objective To determine the association between nutritional status according to different cutoff points for body mass index (BMI) and the occurrence of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD) in older people. Methods A cross-sectional study of 365 older people was conducted using a questionnaire collecting information on health variables, body weight and height measurements. The association between classification of nutritional status using BMI and occurrence of NCD was estimated by the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Results As measured by the different BMI classification criteria, nutritional status varied: for normal weight (24.9-32.3%), excess weight (57.3-73.2%) and for underweight (1.9-15.3%). According to the Lipschitz classification, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of osteoarticular diseases (OR=0.38; 95%CI: 0.15-0.93) and cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.19- 0.94); while overweight was associated with higher occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=2.26; 95%CI: 1.30-3.93). According to the World Health Organization criteria, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.09; 95%CI: 0.01-0.61), overweight with lower occurrence of neuropsychological diseases (OR=0. 47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.87), while obese status was associated with higher occurrence of osteoarticular (OR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.08-3.52) and cardiometabolic (OR=3.02; 95%CI: 1.54-5.93) diseases. According to the Pan American Health Organization criteria, underweight was associated with lower occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (OR=0.45; 95%CI: 0.22-0.91) and obese status with higher occurrence of osteoarticular (OR=1, 91; 95%CI: 1.16-3.15), cardiometabolic (OR=2.58; 95%CI: 1.36-4.85) and respiratory (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.16-3.16) diseases. Conclusion The classification criteria for BMI were negatively (underweight) and positively (excess weight) associated with the occurrence of NCD, exhibiting a stronger association when the overweight classification was differentiated from the obese classification.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a associação entre estado nutricional segundo diferentes pontos de corte para índice de massa corporal (IMC) e ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 365 idosos de ambos os sexos, utilizando-se um questionário contendo variáveis sobre saúde e medidas de peso e estatura. A associação entre classificação do estado nutricional pelo IMC e ocorrência de DCNT foi estimada pelo Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalos de 95% de Confiança (IC95%). Resultados A partir dos critérios de classificação do IMC, o estado nutricional variou entre: adequado (24,9%-32,3%), excesso de peso (57,3%-73,2%) e baixo peso (1,9%-15,3%). Segundo a classificação do estado nutricional por Lipschitz, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=0,38; IC95%:0,15-0,93) e cardiometabólicas (OR=0,42; IC95%:0,19-0,94); o sobrepeso se associou à maior ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=2,26; IC95%:1,30-3,93). Segundo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=0,09; IC95%:0,01-0,61), sobrepeso à menor ocorrência de doenças neuropsicológicas (OR=0,47; IC95%:0,26-0,87), obesidade à maior ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=1,95; IC95%:1,08-3,52) e cardiometabólicas (OR=3,02; IC95%: 1,54-5,93). Pelos critérios da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, o baixo peso se associou à menor ocorrência de doenças cardiometabólicas (OR=0,45; IC95%:0,22-0,91), obesidade à maior ocorrência de doenças osteoarticulares (OR=1,91; IC95%:1,16-3,15), cardiometabólicas (OR=2,58; IC95%:1,36-4,85) e respiratórias (OR=1,96; IC95%:1,16-3,16). Conclusão Os critérios de classificação do IMC associaram-se negativamente (baixo peso) e positivamente (excesso de peso) à ocorrência de DCNT, verificando-se maior força na associação quando se diferenciou sobrepeso de obesidade.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou o efeito agudo da suplementação (3g) de gengibre (Zingibir officinale) sobre o metabolismo. Foram medidos 12 homens universitários fisicamente ativos (22.8±3.3 anos; 79.4±12.5 kg; 1.8±0.1 m; 25.4±3.0 kg/m2; 16.9±3.1%BF). 3 horas após a suplementação (gengibre ou placebo) mediram-se (linha de base com duração de 30 min) a taxa metabólica de repouso (RMR), consumo de oxigênio (VO₂), dióxido de carbono (VCO₂), quociente respiratório (RQ), proteína (PRO), carboidrato (CHO) e oxidação de gordura, após, todos realizaram 30-min de exercício aeróbico (75%-85% da frequência cardíaca de reserva - RHR), ao final, foram repetidas as mesmas variáveis do pré-exercício por 60 min. Observou-se efeitos do momento de medida entre o repouso e pós exercício, onde as medidas obtidas no pós-exercício 1 (0-30 min) foram significativamente maiores (p≤0.001 para RMR; VO₂; VCO₂; PRO e CHO; p=0.001 para RQ; p=0.03 para oxidação de gordura) em comparação com momento de repouso e pós exercício 2 (30-60 min). Resultados similares foram observados no exercício para VO₂ (31.5±3.1 vs. 31.9±3.7 mL/kg/min; p=0.78) e equivalentes respiratórios para oxigênio (VE/VO2: 24.1±2.5 vs. 24.4±3.3; p=0.75) onde não houve diferença entre condições. Em conclusão, para o protocolo aplicado, a suplementação aguda de extrato de gengibre não produz efeito ergogênico metabólico.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the acute effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation (3.0 g) on metabolism. For this, 12-male physically active college were measured (22.8±3.3 yrs.; 79.4±12.5 kg; 1.8±0.1 m; 25.4±3.0 kg/m2; 16.9±3.1 %BF). Three-hours after supplementation (ginger or placebo) (Baseline - lasting 30-min) the resting metabolic rate (RMR), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ) protein (PRO), carbohydrate (CHO), and fat oxidation were measured. All participants then performed 30-min of aerobic exercise (75-85 % of reserve heart rate - RHR). Finally, the same post-exercise variables for 60-min were measured. For the measures performed at rest and after exercise were observed effect of the moment of measurement, where the measures obtained at post-exercise 1 exercise (0-30 min) were significative higher (p≤0.001 for RMR; VO2; VCO2; PRO and CHO; p=0.001 for RQ; p=0.03 for FAT) in comparison to rest and post-exercise 2 (30-60 min) moments. Similar results were observed at the exercise for VO2 (31.5±3.1 vs. 31.9±3.7 mL/kg/min; p=0.78) and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2: 24.1±2.5 vs. 24.4±3.3; p=0.75) where no differences were observed between conditions. In conclusion, for the applied protocol, acute ginger extract supplementation produced no metabolic ergogenic effect.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre hábito de leitura de rótulos de alimentos e fatores relacionados à saúde entre idosos participantes de grupos de convivência em Governador Valadares. Métodos Este estudo transversal entrevistou 141 idosos participantes de grupos de terceira idade. O perfil socioeconômico e de saúde foi definido pela identificação de sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, ocorrência de doenças, uso de medicamentos, exercício físico e autopercepção da própria saúde. A leitura de rótulos foi avaliada pela pergunta: “O(A) Senhor(a) verifica o rótulo de alimentos antes de sua compra ou consumo?”, questionando-se os itens avaliados em caso de resposta positiva. O consumo alimentar semanal foi avaliado por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar e classificado por meio de escores. A avaliação antropométrica se baseou no cálculo e classificação do Índice de Massa Corporal. A regressão logística multinomial foi utilizada para determinar fatores associados ao hábito de leitura de rótulos, adotando-se p<0,025 para significância da associação. Resultados O hábito de leitura de rótulos foi relatado por 72,3% dos entrevistados, que verificavam predominantemente prazo de validade (90,2%), teores de gorduras (18,4%) e sódio (16,7%). O mesmo se associou independentemente ao menor consumo mediano de medicamentos, menor consumo familiar per capita de açúcar e maior frequência de consumo semanal de cereais integrais. Conclusão O hábito de leitura de rótulos alimentares esteve associado a melhores condições de saúde e comportamentos alimentares mais saudáveis entre idosos da comunidade, devendo ser considerado como importante estratégia nutricional nesta faixa etária.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the association between the habit of reading food labels and health related factors in elderly individuals who are members of social groups in the city of Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study interviewed 141 individuals, members of elderly social groups. The socioeconomic and health profile was defined based on sex, age, marital status, educational level, disease occurrence, use of medication, physical exercise and self-perception of health. The habit of reading the food labels was assessed through the question: “Do you read the food label before purchasing or consuming the product?”. In case of an affirmative answer, researchers asked which items from the labels were observed by the individual. Weekly food intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and classified in scores. The anthropometric evaluation was based on the calculation and classification of the Body Mass Index. A multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the habit of reading the labels, and it was considered significant when p<0.025. Results The habit of reading labels was reported by 72.3% of the participants, whom predominantly verified the product’s expiration date (90.2%), followed by the amount of fat (18.4%) and sodium (16.7%) in it. This behavior was independently associated with a lower mean consumption of medicines, a lower per capita household consumption of sugar and a higher weekly frequency of per capita whole grain consumption. Conclusion The habit of reading the food labels is associated with a better health condition and with a healthier eating behavior among elderly individuals and it should be considered as an important nutritional strategy in this age group.

Abstract Aim: We investigated the effect of high-protein (HI-PRO - 70% protein and 30% carbohydrate) and high-carbohydrate supplementation (HI-CHO - 70% carbohydrate and 30% protein) on muscle damage, haemoglobin, immune response, perceived pain and recovery post-simulated XCO. Methods: For this,10 amateur athletes (38±9.6 yrs.) were measured pre-, post- and 24-h post-trial. Results: In comparison to the pre-trial, the post-trial athletes presented leucocytosis (p≤0.001; 14.7±6.1 and 13.6±5.6 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) and neutropenia (p≤0.001; 11.9±5.2 and 10.7±4.9 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) but recovered at 24-h post-trial (Leukocytes: 6.9±1.4 and 7.1±1.4 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively; neutrophils: 3.6±1.2 and 3.9±1.1 cells x103; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively) without a difference between conditions (p=0.808 and p=0.531; for leukocytes and neutrophils, respectively). A similar result was observed for perceived pain and recovery, where the condition did not interfere with these variables between the o measurement moments (p=0.245 and p=0.491; for pain and recovery respectively). There was an interaction effect for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), where HI-PRO presented a lower serum concentration 24-h post-trial compared to HI-CHO (p=0.039; 181.3±21.9 and 201.0±10.4 IU/L; for HI-PRO and HI-CHO, respectively). Conclusion: HI-PRO supplementation results in better muscle damage recovery but only for LDH. Athletes should evaluate the cost-benefit of choosing the nutrients to be consumed immediately post-training or competition.